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LL 21
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L21
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Leaflet L21
Arabic or Persian Text (Apple Macintosh)
Last revised July 2008
On the Public Workstation Facility (PWF)
To read and type Arabic text on the PWF Macintosh computers you need to set your System
Preferences to enable an input menu which will allow you to enter Arabic characters using the
standard English keyboard.
1. From the Apple Menu (top left) pull down System Preferences > international.
2. Click the Input Menu tab.
3. A list of available keyboards and input methods will appear. Use the checkboxes to select the
language input methods you are likely to need. Note that if you want to type combinations of
languages which use the same characters but arrange them differently on the keyboard (e.g.
French and German), it probably makes sense to choose just one input method so that you can
touch-type.
4. Near the top of the list of input methods is an item called "Keyboard Viewer". This is a
diagram of the current keyboard layout which will show you the locations of the various
characters. Check this if you think you will need to refer to it to locate your characters.
5. Close International.
6. A menu headed by a British Union Flag icon will appear in the top right of the screen. If you
click on it you will see the list of input methods that you added in step 3.
7. Start up the word-processor application you intend to use and open the document in which you
want to type Arabic. WARNING! Not all word-processing programs can cope with Arabic.
You may find that you need to use a specialised program such as Nisus Writer instead of Word.
8. Click once on the keyboard menu to drop down a complete menu of the available keyboards.
9. Click on the Arabic keyboard. You should notice that the keyboard icon changes to a crescent
moon. This will switch back to the British flag whenever the cursor is placed in an area where it
is not possible to type Arabic letters.
10. Change the paragraph alignment setting to “right-justified”.
Finding the keyboard locations of the characters
To discover the keyboard positions of the various characters and diacritics select the keyboard
viewer from the keyboard menu and then change to the Arabic keyboard. You will see a diagram
keyboard layout showing the positions of the various characters.
You should find that the system automatically selects the correct letterforms and ligatures,
depending on neighbouring characters. Nisus Writer supports this, but many versions of Word do
not. You will need to experiment with holding down the alt and shift keys to find the complete set
of characters.

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Viewing Arabic on the Web
Point your browser at a suitable Arabic page, such as http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/arabic/news/ or
http://bbc.co.uk/persian/index.shtml
If the web page has a correct header which tells your browser what character encoding it uses, then
Safari should automatically switch to a display of Arabic letters. If this doesn’t happen, you can try
selecting Text Encoding from the View menu and experimenting with likely possibilities (e.g.
Arabic (Windows) is probable if UTF-8 doesn’t work).
Email
1. Both Hermes Webmail and Apple Mail can support foreign language email. Mulberry can not
transmit or receive Arabic correctly, so, if this is your normal email program, you will need to
change programs when you want to send or receive email in Arabic. An alternative would be to
send your Arabic text as an attachment.
2. Enter the email address to which you want to send your message in the “To:” field (remember
this needs to be in Roman letters).
3. Place the cursor in the body of the message and switch to the Arabic keyboard.
4. Type your message.
5. You can use Arabic characters in the “Subject:” field if you wish, but many email programs will
fail to display them correctly when they receive your message. The best thing to do is to
experiment to find what best suits the people with whom you exchange messages most
frequently.
Further Advice
If you have any problems using the Sidgwick Computing Facility for foreign language work or need
any further advice, please contact the LLCC (Literary & Linguistic Computing Centre) on 35029 or
by emailing
llcc@ucs.cam.ac.uk
Computing Service
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© University of Cambridge Computing Service, July 2008